Holograms from 1988 to 1997
dal 1998 al 2000  dal 2001 al 2006  dal 2007 al 2010  dal 2011Holography is a technique that allows the light scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed. Under certain viewing conditions, an image (hologram) is obtained which is fully three-dimensional in all directions so that a movement of the head presents another aspect of the object. Its benefits, for example, are brand protection and document security. In holographic stamp foils the holograms are transferred to the substrate under the effect of heat and pressure. Foil stamping or hot stamping (as it is called when heat is applied) requires a metal plate with an engraved image. The plate strikes a foil film, transferring the foil coating from the roll film onto the substrate that is to be imprinted. The substrate then receives the high-density metallic finish, resulting in a reflective image with a bright and dense metallic appearance.
18-10-1988 - Austria (il primo in assoluto / the first one) 14-10-1989 - Brasile / Brazil 03-12-1989 - Stati Uniti / United States (esempio di ologramma su busta FDC) 19-01-1990 - Finlandia / Finland 05-11-1991 - Ungheria / Hungary (il secondo e il terzo senza scritte e con seriale rosso o nero sul retro) 16-11-1991 - Polonia / Poland 08-05-1992 - Finlandia / Finland 01-10-1992 - Canada (anche varietà: 1) orbita alta, 2) orbita bassa, 3) pioggia materorica, 4) buco nero. 5) ologramma invertito / also variety: 1) high orbit, 2) low orbit, 3) meteor shower, 4) black hole, 5) inverted) 26-03-1993 - San Marino 27-08-1993 - Mongolia 10-02-1994 - Guyana (imperf, perf, 'gold jacket') Analoghi esemplari furono predisposti, ma mai emessi, in onore di Marylin Monroe 05-07-1994 - Man Is. 20-07-1994 - Nuova Zelanda / New Zealand 11-11-1994 - Bhutan 14-12-1994 - Tonga (il secondo sovrascritto 'specimen') 30-01-1995 - Finlandia / Finland (libretto / booklet) 05-04-1995 - Australia 05-1995 - Papua Nuova Guinea / Papua New Guinea (automatici / ATM) 09-1995 - Papua Nuova Guinea / papua New Guinea (automatici / ATM - II em.) 13-01-1996 - Malaysia 10-05-1996 - Cina / China (anche con seriale nero / also black serial n.) 09-06-1996 - Thailandia / Thailand (anche / also overprinted) 13-06-1996 - Germania / Germany (sulla copertina del libretto / on booklet) 18-07-1996 - Cina / China (anche con seriale nero / also black serial n.) 05-09-1996 - Australia 09-10-1996 - Cina / China (anche con seriale nero / also black serial n.) 1997 - Germania / Germany (libretto / booklet) 09-06-1997 - Aland 20-06-1997 - Ascension 20-06-1997 - Bahamas 20-06-1997 - B.A.T. / British Antarctic Territory 20-06-1997 - B.I.O.T. / British Indian Ocean Territory 20-06-1997 - Falkland Is. 20-06-1997 - Falkland dep. 20-06-1997 - Man Is. 20-06-1997 - Samoa 20-06-1997 - Sant'Elena / Saint Helena 20-06-1997 - Tristan da Cunha 01-07-1997 - Tuvalu (anche / also specimen) 01-07-1997 - Hong Kong

 


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